Dealing with characters the key data type we have thus far ignored are characters. Fortran allows you to read data from, and write data into files. For example, on linux, to compile a small application using cusparse. Followed by an assembler routine called addr that has to be linkedited with the object code from this testcase, and the csr stubs. Saxpy stands for singleprecision ax plus y, and is a good hello world example for parallel computation. Fortran 77 does not distinguish between upper and lower case, in fact, it assumes all input is upper case. Data descriptors are used to read and write items in the data transfer list in read and write statements. There is an index of examples, giving the location of program examples that illustrate the use of many fortran 90 features.
Fortran basic input output we have so far seen that we can read data from keyboard using the read statement, and display output to the screen using the print statement, respectively. Find the top 100 most popular items in amazon books best sellers. I have a fortran 90 source code with a nested where statement. The api reference guide for cusparse, the cuda sparse matrix library. Nvidia cuda compute unified device architecture reference manual, nvidia. Discover the best fortran programming in best sellers. Fortran tutorial free guide to programming fortran 9095. This book can be used equally well for fortran 90 as for fortran 95. In ifort, the value of recl in your open statement is in 4byte blocks, so your record length isnt 985,600 bytes, it is 3,942,400 bytes long. A simple example of creating two sparse matrices a, b on the cpu, moving. In addition to changing the official spelling from fortran to fortran, this major revision added many new features to reflect the significant changes. This example shows how to make sure a matrix is all zeros when the program starts. Variable names in fortran consist of 16 characters chosen from the letters az and the digits 09. Gpu accelerated libraries oak ridge leadership computing facility.
To start, we need to know how to declare characters. In fortran 77, this is a generic function, meaning that it accepts arguments of multiple types such as real and, in this example, complex. A format statement is a labelled nonexecutable statement which can appear anywhere within a program unit. There is a problem but it seems difficult to understand what exactly happens. We see that fortran 77 follows the rounding rule that digits 04 are rounded downwards while 59 are rounded upwards. No license, expre ss or implied, by estoppel or othe rwise, to any.
Examples of scalar arguments which can reside either on the. Vax vms logical file names 26 direct io 27 binary io 28 internal files 29 f77. For an informal and tutorial approach to learning fortran 90, the book, programmers guide to fortran 90, second edition, by brainerd, goldberg, and adams unicomp, albuquerque, nm, 1993 is more appropriate. Can you provide me some tutorial on using cusparse, i have been reading its documentation but. Below you will find a list of the examples in modern fortran in practice, published by cambridge university press. Fortran 95 is expected to gain final iso approval in mid1996.
Fortranfortran examples wikibooks, open books for an. Tests the dim option for the fortran 90 intrinsic functions sum, minval, and maxval for use with arrays. Cuda fortran is the fortran analog to cuda c program has host and device code similar to cuda c host code is based on the runtime api fortran language extensions to simplify data management codefined by nvidia and pgi, implemented in the pgi fortran compiler 29. Keeping this sequence of operations in mind, lets look at a cuda fortran example. Tape io 31 using topen routines 31 fortran formatted io for tape 32 fortran unformatted io for tape 32 tape file representation 32 endoffile 33 multifile tapes 33 fortran 95 io considerations 34 3. As mentioned earlier, the interfaces to the legacy and the cusparse apis are the header files cusparse. The muchdelayed successor to fortran 77, informally known as fortran 90 and prior to that, fortran 8x, was finally released as isoiec standard 1539. In addition, applications using the cusparse api need to link against the dynamic shared object dso cusparse. Contents publishedby nvidiacorporation 2701santomasexpressway santaclara,ca95050 notice allnvidiadesignspecifications,referenceboards,files, drawings,diagnostics,lists,andotherdocumentstogetherand. In this example of fortran 90 code, the programmer has written the bulk of the code inside of a do loop. The cusparse fortran wrapper code is provided as an example only and. An example of using cublas with pgi fortran is available in using.
This means that the address of the argument is passed rather than the argument itself. Calling a fortran routine using a c interface routine calling fortran is similar to calling c, with the significant difference that fortran code expects all arguments to be passed by reference and not by value the c default. Within plato, you can create and edit programs and get them to run. A fortran program is just a sequence of lines of text. Recursive routines in fortran 77 and fortran 90 first let me say that i think every serious fortran programmer should always write new code in fortran 90 or fortran 95, but for those of you stuck on a desert island with only a fortran 77 compiler at your disposal, heres a way to write a recursive subroutine. Since the hadamard product is not supported in cublas i have to write the accelerator code using openacc.
The default real type and a type of higher precision, with the name. In fortran 66, a specific function would have to be called by name depending on the type of the function arguments for this example, cexp for a complexvalued argument. For comprehensive user manual please see the magma documentation. The text has to follow a certain syntax to be a valid fortran program. Hi, im writing a fortran code using cublas and cusparse libraries and i need to perform the simple operation of multiplying each vector element with itself. Example of the use of the interface structure creating a generic function interface. Running tridiagonal matrix algo on cuda researchgate. Cuda libraries and cuda fortran stanford university. Introduction to programming in fortran 77 for students of.
We start by looking at a simple example where we calculate the area of a circle. Of course you can initialize arrays to other values than zero. Fortran 95 will appear very similar to those in fortran 90. Fortranfortran examples wikibooks, open books for an open. Matxxxxsetpreallocation is, for example, matseqaijsetpreallocation. Fortran originally included a notsointuitive syntax, having fixed fields a 5digit line number, a continuation marker, and a statement area plus a card sequencenumber area on some versions. The example below has a maximum length of 10 characters allowed for a persons name this might not always be enough. Examples from modern fortran in practice by arjen markus. In general fortran is not all that nice about handling characters, but does provide rudimentary tools for dealing with them. We have tried to make this guide concise, avoiding detailed descriptions of the language and providing only a small number of example programs in each topic.
Many are designed to act elementally on an array argument, in other words they will perform the same function to every element of an array at the same time. This matrix will ultimately pushed down to nvidia gpus and use the cusparse library. Upon execution, instructions are printed to the screen and a sum variable is initialized to zero outside the loop. The examples of f programs provided here illustrate several features of the f programming language f95 version. This example shows the use of integer and character variables. Ifort and gfortran do not use the same block size for record length by default. Openacc with cublas and cusparse in fortran code user forums.
Fortran 95 will be a relatively minor revision of fortran 90 and most programs written in. In the last chapter, you have seen how to read data from, and write data to the terminal. We tell plato which language we are using when we create our empty file and save it with a. Linear solver choice fortran, have compared dgesv, pardiso with matlab for 60006000 nonsymmetric sparse system, suggestions. Example 1 xl fortran source file this is an example of an xl fortran source file. Hi guys, have posted several days ago on intel mkl forum and have. An important difference between fortran 77 and fortran 2003 is the way the code is written. Example 3 valid fortran smp source file this is an example of a valid fortran smp source file used to calculate the value of pi. Example 2 valid c routine source file this is an example of a valid c routine source file used to execute fortran test subroutines. Feb 16, 2016 hi, im writing a fortran code using cublas and cusparse libraries and i need to perform the simple operation of multiplying each vector element with itself. Platos editor is special it understands the syntax of various programming languages. Many of the examples used in this document are provided in the pgi compiler and tools. An easy introduction to cuda fortran nvidia developer blog.
The cusparse library contains a set of basic linear algebra subroutines used for handling sparse matrices. However, newer specifications for fortran, such as fortran 90, 95, 2003 and 2008 do not require such anachronistic formatting. I would like to transform it into doif structure in ord. Once the loop begins, it asks the user to input any number. Introduction to programming in fortran 77 for students of science and engineering romangr. Fortran has, as other programming languages, a division of the code into variable declarations and instructions for manipulating the contents of the variables. In this chapter you will study file input and output functionalities provided by fortran.
Fortran 90 allows variable names of arbitrary length. Note how blanks are automatically padded on the left and that the default field width for real numbers is usually 14. A list of fortran 95 intrinsics is given in the appendix. Reading writing fortran direct access unformatted files with. The open, write, read and close statements allow you to.
Fortran supports classes via extensible derived types. Intrinsic functions are part of the fortran 90 language and cover many areas, the simplest and most common are mathematical functions such as sin and cos or min and max. In a recent post, mark harris illustrated six ways to saxpy, which includes a cuda fortran version. In this example each write statement used a different format statement. Some of the source files are additional material, most represent complete programs described in the book. Introduction the cusparse library contains a set of basic linear algebra subroutines used for handling sparse matrices. A realworld example of adding openacc to a legacy mpi fortran preconditioned conjugate gradient code is described, and timing results for multinode multigpu runs are shown. Fortran 9095 programming manual real type for real numbers such as 3.
416 1246 1288 389 476 1103 1293 507 876 885 114 51 1158 1221 817 1622 627 1296 591 1225 393 990 1091 1535 269 413 132 1597 423 1354 63 806 1155 1036 367 481 292 1289 9 1310 396 675 582 580 739 935 688 480